Different types of edema
There are different types of edema.
- Lymphedema
Lymphedema is an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid in a part of the body.
It occurs when the lymphatic vessels cannot drain the lymph fluid, for example when the lymphatic vessels are damaged, absent or not functioning properly. Too much lymph fluid can also be produced.
Early symptoms often include a tired and heavy feeling in the affected arm or leg, tingling sensations, and sometimes a pinching feeling. Acute swelling may occur in the limb, including the hand or foot, and there is an increased risk of erysipelas and skin problems.
There are two types of lymphedema:
– Primary Lymphedema: A congenital abnormality in the lymphatic system, which characterized by fewer lymphatic vessels, which can lead to swelling later in life, often in the legs.
– Secondary Lymphedema: Occurs due to obstruction of lymph drainage from causes that develop later in life, such as cancer, surgery, infections, or lymph node removal.
For example, edema in the arm sometimes occurs after breast surgery in which axillary lymph nodes have been removed.
More information:
- Venous edema
Venous edema is related to blood vessels and occurs when the return flow of fluid through the veins, does not work properly. This can lead to fluid accumulation and potentially varicose veins.
Initially, swelling may be noticeable only in the ankles, especially in the evening, but it can progress to the entire lower leg, which may remain swollen throughout the day. Pressing the skin may leave a temporary dent. Symptoms include tired, heavy, or tense legs, and sometimes itching or pain.
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- Lipedema
Lipedema is a condition affecting fatty tissue rather than fluid accumulation. Its cause is still unknown, but it predominantly affects women and often arises during hormonal transitions (puberty, pregnancy, menopause). This condition leads to an uneven distribution of fatty tissue, typically resulting in thicker legs and buttocks compared to the rest of the body, while the ankles and feet remain slim. Or the arms are a lot thicker in relation to the rest of the body, with the wrists and hands being slim.
Many patients experience a difference of two to three clothing sizes between the upper and lower body. Symptoms include heavy, tired limbs that are sensitive to touch, and easy bruising.
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- Traumatic edema
This type of edema can occur following trauma, such as a fall, bruise, or surgical procedure.
- Tertiary edema
This type of edema may develop as a side effect of certain medications.
Note: There are also mixed forms of edema, such as lymph/venous edema.